Future Scenarios for Reducing Emissions and Consumption in the Italian Steelmaking Industry

The amount of CO2 emissions, water and electricity consumption, soil exploitation the main steel production routes (integrated cycle, scrap recycling, direct reduction) are analyzed applying three possible future scenarios: use carbon capture storage (CCS); green hydrogen in substitution natural gas; biomethane. Using actual process data theoretical assumptions, emissions consumptions whole cycle (from iron ore extraction to final product) computed, taking into account also auxiliary sources (i.e., limestone calcination gas compression). assessment results have highlighted huge energy requirements related application steelmaking despite its low emissions. On contrary, biomethane appears more attractive if combined with systems. Overall, provide a starting point for understanding current level sustainability allow identification most promising plausible scenario industry criticalities each.